RC44 - Security, Conflict and Democratization

Conference on "Global Risks and Security Challenges"

Yasmin Calmet — Mon, 11 Mar 2024 20:45:00 -0400

PROGRAM

Opening Keynotes

SESSION 1: Interconnected Global Risks: How we can prevent “Polycrisis”?

Chair/Discussant: Fumihiko Yoshida (Nagasaki University, Japan)

Discussant: Radomir Compel (Nagasaki University,Japan) ;Kazuko Hikawa (Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan)

Panelists:

1. Dan Smith, Director, SIPRI, Sweden - Global Risks and Interconnected Security

2. Makoto Taniguchi, Deputy Director, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Japan - Co-creation of the Sustainable Future based on the Linkage of the Earth-human System

SESSION 2: Facing Multiple Risks: Climate, AI, Finance, Energy Resources and New Roles for the Global South

Chair/Discussant: Rosalie Hall, University of the Philippines - Visayas, Philippines

Discussant: Liliana Filip, Political Research Group, Romania

Panelists:

1. Fatima Nasser, American University of Beirut, Lebanon - Women Leadership in Disaster Management: The Case of the Beirut Blast

2. Bipul Biplav Mukherjee , University of Delhi, India - Emerging Challenges to Multilateral Institutionalism: A Case of the New Development Bank (NDB)

3. Chandu Doddi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India - Digital Lending and Cybercrimes of China in India

4. Olatunde Isaac Olaniyi, University of Ibadan/ Nigerian Army College, Ilorin, Nigeria - (In)security and Political Economy of Inter-State Relations in Chad Basin

5. Shaimaa Moheyeldin, Cairo University, Egypt - Resource Based Conflict in Mozambique

6. Alexander Rusetsky, Caucasus International University, Georgia - "Peace Reactor": Georgian Model of Nuclear Diplomacy, for a Secure World Order

SESSION 3: New Security Challenges and Responses in the Changing World Order

Chair/Discussant: Hamdy Hassan, Zayed University, UAE

Discussant: Yasmin Calmet, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú

Panelists:

1. Peter Rada, Budapest Metropolitan University, Hungary; Laura Nyilas, University of Public Service, Hungary - SurRealism of the Liberal World Order and the Place of the EU in its Future

2. Mehrdad Khakparaghi, ELTE, Hungary - Entropic Proliferation: Systemic Disorder within the Nuclear Polity and its Implications for Peripheral Armament

3. Alexandre Coelho, Observa China, Brasil - Brazil's Foreign Policy Responses to Geopolitical Conflicts: A Study of the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas Disputes from the Global South Perspective

4. Martin Medina, Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata, Argentina - Private Security Agencies

5. Sumit Mukerji, University of Kalyani, India - The Human Dimension of Conflict: Palestine Bloodbath in Retrospect

6. Aashriti Gautam, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science; Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College for Women - Delhi University, India - The Transition from Kantian to Machiavellian Morality in International Relations: Evidence from the Russo-Ukrainian and Israeli-Palestinian Conflicts

SESSION 4: Issues in the Upcoming World Order: Risks and Conflicts

Chair/Discussant: Gladys Lechini, UNR (Universidad Nacional de Rosario), Argentina

Panelists:

1. Javier Vadell, PUC Minas, Brazil - Hegemonic Disputes between US and China

2. Gisela Pereyra Doval, UNR, Argentina - 'South America's International Insertion in a Context of Policrisis'

3. Maria Noel Dussort, UNR, Argentina - '2024 Elections in South Asia: Geopolitical Continuity or Change?'

4. Igor Castellano, UFSM, Brazil - Is Africa the Continent of the Future?

Closing Keynotes

Preliminary program for the XXII IPSA World Congress, Madrid, Spain, 8-12 July 2012

Asha Gupta — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 06:16:00 -0400

Panel One: Changing role of military in the 21st century

Chair: Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India

Discussants: 1. Steve Eslary, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2. Philip Aka, Chicago State University, USA

Panelists:

1. Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India on 'Can military be entrusted the role of police?'

2. Antonio C. Hsiang, New York University, Taiwan on 'Militarizing justice in the southern cone'

3. Maria Helena de Castro Santos, University of Brasília, Brazil on 'Transition types, civil-military relations and the quality of democracy: a comparative analysis of Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay'

4. Seth Kumi, UNO, Sudan on 'The role of the military in meeting the challenges of participatory democracy in post-conflict African states'

Panel Two: Changing role of military within a country with special focus on Nigeria

Chair: Moeed Yusuf, Boston University, USA

Discussants: 1. Maria Helena de Castro Santos, University of Brasília, Brazil, 2. Seth Kumi, UNO, Sudan

Panelists:

1. Gene Nweke, Nigeria on 'Election and democracy in a fragile state: military as imperative or obstacle in the 2011 general elections held in Nigeria'

2. B. U. Nwosu, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand on 'Two faces of civil society and the military in Nigeria’s democratization'

3. Philip Aka, Chicago State University, USA on 'The military and constitutionalism in Africa: Nigeria in comparative perspective'

4. Ezeibe Christian Chukwuebuka, Nigeria on 'Electoral malpractice and the threat of military intervention in Nigerian politics, 1999-2007'

Panel Three: Comparative study of military’s role in two or more countries or different stages within a country

Chair: Philip Aka, Chicago State University, USA

Discussants: 1. Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India, 2. Miroslav Mareš, Masaryk University, Czech Republic

Panelists:

1. Ahmet Selim Tekelioglu and Moeed Yusuf, Boston University, USA on 'When do red lines move? A comparative study of civilian-military relationship in Turkey and Pakistan'

2. Yasmin Calmet Ipince and Rodrigo Valdivia Zamora, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil on 'State of emergency and power networks: a brief analysis of the paradox of "democracy" in Peru during the Fujimori government (1990-1995)'

3. Marybeth Ulrich, Department of National Security and Strategy, U.S. Army War College, USA on 'The Arab spring and Arab militaries: the role of the military in the transitioning Middle East'

4. Prashant Amrutkar, Aurangabad, India on 'The role of military in democratization of Afghanistan'

Panel Four: Future of military or the military in future

Chair: B. U. Nwosu, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Discussants: 1. Antony C Hsiang, New York University, Taiwan, 2. Moeed Yusuf, Boston University, USA

Panelists:

1. Miroslav Mareš, Masaryk University, Czech Republic on 'The armed forces and political extremism in the process of democratization in East Central Europe'

2. Elizabeth Devi Kh, Guwahati, India on 'The role of military in combating terrorism/insurgency or natural disasters

3. Sunny Lee, Las Vegas, USA on 'Who will be winning the Power Game in Case of North Korea’s Collapse?'

4. Surashree Pathak, Guwahati, India on 'Military as an obstacle to democratization in North East'

XXII IPSA World Congress at Madrid, Spain, 8-12 July 2012

Asha Gupta — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 05:35:00 -0400

Four panels proposed for XXII IPSA World Congress to be held at Madrid, Spain from July 8-12, 2012

Panel One: Changing role of military in the 21st century

Militaries in the 21st century are required to play not only multi-faceted but complex roles. It is expected to play a more proactive role in promoting democratization, modernization, social stability and resilience, human security and peace, etc. It is not only responsible for protecting national integrity, sovereignty and culture but also responsible for paving the way for globalization through multi-ethnic and multi-national forces fighting for a common cause beyond the national borders just as war on terrorism. Our research group covers a range of topics, such as, dealing with insurgencies, providing humanitarian aid, managing natural disasters, civil-military relations and militarization of justice. Proposals are welcome related to any such theme.

Panel two: Changing role of military within a country

Of late, we find geostrategy playing an important role as the subfield of geopolitics and geoeconomics. It has altered the role of military in a big way. It involves matching means to ends as per country’s resources. It can justify imperial or hegemonic designs in some cases or render military’s too much involvement in politics as redundant due to technological advancements and/or fast means of communication. In a knowledge-based and technology-driven modern economy, military may be found more engaged in solidifying security personnel or seeking global resources. With the rise of the NGOs, global integration of the economy and privatization of security, geo-economic norms have become more important in international relations than geopolitical concomitants. Pakistan military is now forced to look for enemies in terms of the jihadis within its territory and Germany‘s military is proposing withdrawal from the nuclear option after the recent hazards faced by Japan. Paper/panel proposals related to political economy of militaries are welcomed.

Panel Three: Comparative study of military’s role in two or more countries

Our research Committee specially encourages comparative study of the military’s role in two similar of different set ups. For instance, one can study military’s role in India and Pakistan, Pakistan and Turkey, Nigeria and Ghana, etc. It is also possible to make a comparative study of the role of militaries in South-east Asia, Latin American or African countries on regional basis .The idea is to trace the impact of socio-cultural, political, geographical or economic factors on the civil-military relations and/or the impact of civil-military relations on the political and economic development of a country. We would welcome papers related to revolutionary changes in the role of military or those explaining civil-military relations in any two or more countries in complex political environment. An attempt may be made to trace the role of military in the two emerging powers - India and China.

Panel Four: Future of military or the military in future

This panel provides vast opportunities to our scholars explore the future of militaries or the role of militaries in future in a more innovative way. We look forward to interesting proposals on unlimited themes, such as, human-robot interactions in future military operations, Islamophobia, reorientation of military education and training towards peace-keeping roles, engendering peace and security, cosmopolitan militaries fighting for a common cause - war on terrorism, divergence of civil-military relations, the laws related to armed conflicts and insurgencies, managing defense transformation, dealing with ethnic minorities within military, greater role of military in nuclear developments, improving the role of UNO in ensuring collective security, revamping the militaries, exploring the role of militaries working in collaboration with police forces, tracing the role of militaries in democratization and/or prevention of major crisis.

XXI IPSA Wolrd Congress at Santiago, Chile, 12-16 July 2009

Asha Gupta — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:49:00 -0400

Two panels were organized under the theme Military’s Role in Democratization

Panel One: Military’s Role in Democratization

Chair : Okechukwu Ibeanu, University of Nigeria, Nigeria

Discussants : 1. Zillur khan, University of Wisconsin, USA, 2. Philip Aka , Chicago State University, USA

Panelists:

Session-I:

1. Maria Helena, Castro Santos, University of Brasilia, Brazil on 'Speed and depth of the demilitarization process and types of democratic transitions in Southern Cone South America: how do them affect civil-military relations in the new democracies?’

2. Jyoti Kumari, Magadh University, India on 'Military seize power, domestic order and controlling the military’

3. Asha Gupta, University of Delhi on ‘Evolving role of the military in 21st century’

Session-II:

1. Moeed Yusuf, Boston University, USA on ‘Pakistan’s failure at democratic consolidation: explaining the cyclical pattern of civilian and military rule’

2. Pramod Kumar Mishra, University of Delhi, India on ‘Pakistan's quest for democratization with a proactive military’

3. Sharda Jain, University of Delhi, India on ‘Combating terrorism through military: assessing its urgency and ugliness’

Panel Two: Shifting Rules and Shifting Roles: Military as Peacekeepers

Chair : Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India

Discussant : 1. Sharda Jain, University of Delhi, India, 2. Rasul Bakhsh Rais, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan

Panelists:

Session-I:

1. Okechukwu Ibeanu, University of Nigeria, Nigeria on ‘The military, militants and public safety in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: antinomies of security decision-making in a fragile democracy’

2. Philip C. Aka, Chicago State University, USA on ‘Consolidating democracy in Africa: comparing civilian control of the military in Nigeria and South Africa’

3. Cardona Zuleta Luz Margarita, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Colombia on ‘Colombia, old and new war: insurgent backward movement and degradation of the conflict’ Session-II:

1. Mehtap Söyler, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Germany on ‘The ‘deep state’ phenomenon and the judicial autonomy of the Turkish military’

2. Graicy Sierra Ospina, Universidad de Medellin, Colombia on ‘The Colombian dictatorial democracy’

3. Iwan Sudjatmiko, University of Indonesia, Indonesia on ‘President, military and democracy (the case of Indonesia)’

XX IPSA Wolrd Congress at Fukuoka, 9-13 July 2006

Asha Gupta — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:08:00 -0400

Four panels were organized under the theme Military Rule and Democratization in the Third World

Panel One: Can Feminizing Security Make a Difference?

Chair: Okechukwu Ibeanu, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Discussant: Zillur Khan, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USA

Panelists:

1. Asha Gupta, University of Delhi on 'Can feminizing security make a difference in post-military societies?'

2. Madhurendra Kumar, India on 'Dilemmas of democracy in Pakistan: issues and options in the 21st century,

3. Jeffery Balch on 'The impact of women parliamentarians in peace, security and political'

Panel Two: Role of Education in Preparing the Military for Democracy and Human Rights

Chair: Jeffery Balch, European Parliamentarians for Africa (AWEPA), The Netherlands

Discussant: Sondhi, Sunil, University of Delhi, India

Panelists:

1. Leena Parmar, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India on 'A new hope at India Pakistan border'

2. O. Ibeanu, University of Nigeria, on 'Training a post-interventionist military: the National War College and consolidation of civil rule in Nigeria'

3. Deepak Sharma, Univesity of Delhi on 'War on terror: militarization of the social space

Panel Three: Military as a Harbinger or Challenger of Democracy

Chair: Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India

Discussant: Diah Asitadani, University of Geneva, Switzerland

Panelists:

1. Okechukwu Ibeanu, University of Nigeria on 'Corporate interest and military disengagement from politics: some lessons from Nigeria's transition to democracy 1986-1999

2. Rasul Bakhsh Rais, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan on 'Pakistan's fourth military regime: will it make a transition to democracy?'

3. Miguel Navarro, National Academy of Political and Strategic Studies, Chile on 'The remaining challenge: the quest for civilian leadership in defense in Chile'

Panel Four: Corruption, Democracy and Human Rights in the Muslim World

Chair: Miguel Navarro, National Academy of Political, Chile

Discussant: Asha Gupta, University of Delhi, India

Panelists:

1. Rita Choudhury, Guahati Univeristy, India on 'Counter insurgency-military operations and human rights: a case study of Assam, India'

2. Sunil Sondhi, University of Delhi on 'Indian army and human rights in Kashmir'

3. Diah Asitadani, University of Geneva, Switzerland on 'Military network in newly democracy Indonesia: comparative studies of post-authoritarian countries'

Publications

Asha Gupta — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 03:23:00 -0400

Military Rule and Democratization : Changing Perspectives

Edited by Asha Gupta

2003, Deep & Deep Publications New Delhi. 344 p, ISBN : 81-7629-421-7

Contents: Preface. 1. Evolving role of the military/Asha Gupta. 2. Role of military in South-east Asia/Saroj Pathak. 3. Military’s role in the democratization of Myanmar/Madan M. Sankhdher. 4. Pakistan’s fourth military regime/Veena Kukreja. 5. Military rule and prospects of democratic development: the case of Pakistan and Bangladesh/A.N. Shamsul Hoque. 6. Military rule and democratizing processes in Bangladesh and Pakistan/Zillur A. Khan. 7. Role of the military in Turkish society: an assessment from the perspective of history, sociology and politics/Suna Kili. 8. Army and democracy: the Mexican experience/Gabriela Palavicini Corona. 9. Democratization and professional change in the Argentine Armed Forces/Antonio O. Donini. 10. Ethnicity and transition to democracy in Nigeria: explaining the passing of military rule in a multi-cultural society/Okechukwu Ibeanu. 11. The Kashmir problem and India’s defense policy/Nirmal Jindal. 12. Cyber-terrorism: an emerging challenge/Deepak Sharma. 13. Emerging trends/Asha Gupta. Bibliography. Index.

"The present volume is the outcome of the well-researched presentations made by various scholars on the ‘Role of Military in Democratization’ at the IPSA World Congress held at Quebec City in Canada during August 2000. It delves deeper into the heterogeneous experiences of the military regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America in past few decades. Since the military experiences in different parts of the third world have been varied and hybrid, the response to their narration is bound to be shifting and contextual.

A modest attempt is made to trace the intervention of the military into the politics during 1960s and 1970s and its subsequent withdrawal from active politics in the Caribbean, Central and South America, Asia, Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle East during 1970s and 1980s. Sailing through the flags of ‘total military control’ and ‘total civilian control’ of the government, we find a variety of measures through which power can be shared among the military, political and non-state actors.

To the editor, the concept of power is not ‘immutable’ or ‘immortal’. It can be disembodied, dissembled, destroyed and decodified. This brings us to the special role the militaries are likely to play at the dawn of 21 century—protecting not only the national territories, sovereignty and its way of life but also ensuring human security in terms of protection against environmental degradation, political violence, narcotics trafficking, illegal migration, abuse of human rights, etc.

The book focuses on the ever-evolving role of the military in terms of shifts in paradigm from ‘politicization of military’ to ‘militarization of politics’. Instead of war-fighting roles, the militaries are now required to act as ‘peace-keepers’, ‘peace-makers’, ‘peace-builders’ and ‘peace-enforcers’. Security is a complex issue. It involves strategy, trade off, mutuality of interests, balance of terror, etc.

The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001 have made it clear that unless and until there is global cooperation and resource pooling, the inter-state or intra-state armed conflicts cannot be resolved in a world based on ‘uneven balance of terror’ rather than ‘détente’ per se.

The book ends with a note on the emerging trends on the role of military in the wake of post-cold war developments and new internationalism. The chances are that militaries are likely to take up more responsibilities and obligations as ‘harbinger of peace’ and ‘protectors of human rights and human security’ across the world as ‘global citizens in uniform’ than ever before. Human rights and human security have become fundamental to, or in separable from, national security interests."

IPSA RC44

Asha Gupta — Sun, 31 Oct 2010 04:53:00 -0400

Background

Recognized as study group in 1988; granted research committee status in 1999.

Objectives

Examines the processes, content and consequences of military interventions in the political systems of third world countries. Military interventions have been a characteristic feature of these countries over the last 30 years or so. In the mid 1980s there was general public revulsion against the culture of military rule, particularly in Latin America.

All these developments created an intellectual sphere which necessitated research in order to examine these processes of democratization and their consequences. The political economy of military regimes, crisis in civil military relations and the role of military in nascent democracies have also been incorporated as areas of research.